Science Word List v3

edited by Anonymous

Science Vocab


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#Science VocabDefinition
1Paleontologythe study of anciet life forms
2Evolutionthe change in species over time
3Chemical Weatheringprocess by which rocks & minerals undergo changes in their composition
4Unconformitygap in the rock record
5Mass Extinctionoccurs when an unusally large # of organisms disappear
6Geologic Time Scalerecord of Earth~q1s history from its origin
7Extrusivefine-grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools slowly and solidifies inside Earth~q1s surface
8Geologystudy of materials that make up Earth
9Intrusivecoarse-grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools slowly
10Contact Metamorphismlocal effect that occurs when molten rock meets solid rock
11Granitic Rocklight-colored rock that has high silicia content
12Depositionoccurs when sediments are laid down on the ground or sink to the bottom f a body of water
13Metamorphic Rockrock alteres by pressure and heat
14Nonfoliatedmatamorphic rocks like quartize and marble, composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes
15Igneous Rockintrusive or extrusive rock formed from he cooling & crystallization of magma or lava.
16Foliatedmetamorphic rock whose minerals re squeezed under high pressure & arranged in wavy layers and bonds
17Basaltic Rockdark-colored rock has lower silica content
18Cementationprocess of sedimentary rock formation that occurs when dissolving minerals precipitate out of ground water
19Sedimentary Rockrock that has formed from consolidated clay sediments
20Compactionthe consolidation of sediments resulting from the weight of overlying deposits
21Sedimentssolid particles deposited on Earth~q1s surface that can form sedimentary rocks
22Mechanical Weatheringprocess that breaks down rocks and minerals into smaller pieces but doesn~q1t involve any change in their composition
23Magmamolten material found eneath Earth~q1s crust that flows minerals with large crystals when it cools slowly
24Weatheringchemical or mechanical process that breaks down and changes rocks on or near Earth~q1s surface
25Lavamagma that lows out into Earth~q1s surface
26Erosionmovement of wearthered materials from one location to another
27Rock Cyclecontinuous, dynamic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock
28Correlationmatching of rock outcrops of one geographic region to another
29Index Fossilsremains of plants r animals that can be used by geologists
30Half Lifethe time required for one-half of a radioisotope~q1s nuclei to decay into its products
31Radioactive Decayemmisions of radioactive particles and its resulting change
32Radioactive Isotopesan element with an unstable nuclei
33Absolute Datingmethod that enables scientists to determine the actual age of certain rocks and other objects
34Relative Datingestablishing the order of past geological events
35Crosscutting Relationshipthe principle that an intrusive is younger than the rock it cuts across
36Superpositionthe principle that the oldest rocks are on the bottom
37Original Horizontalitythe principle that sedimentary rocks are deposited in horizontal layers
38Geologic Columnrecord of Earth~q1s history from its origin 4.6 bya to the present
39Epochtime unit in the geological time scale smaller than a period
40Periodthird longest time unit
41Era second longest time unit
42Eon longest time unit in the geological time scale

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